Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa East Africa, List of African cuisines East African cuisine, Music of Africa West, Central, Southeast and South Africa, Sub-Saharan African music traditions East Africa, Traditional African religions East Africa, Writing systems of Africa Ancient orthographies, List of ethnic groups of Africa East Africa, History of science and technology in Africa, genocide of Hutus in 1972 and genocide of Tutsis in 1993, "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)", "Overview of Module Twenty: Southern Africa", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T6557A16980917.en, 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<3457:gpoirv>2.0.co;2, "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean", "A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history", Searching for traces of the Southern Dispersal, "Genomic evidence for an African expansion of anatomically modern humans by a Southern route", "Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia", "Meet the Contenders for Earliest Modern Human", "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia", "Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up in Kenya", "A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species", "Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age", "Scientists Find the Skull of Humanity's Ancestor on a Computer By comparing fossils and CT scans, researchers say they have reconstructed the skull of the last common forebear of modern humans", "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species", Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies, "Forgotten Ancient History of East Africa", "The Bantu Migration | World Civilization", "Perspectives on the African past Google Books", "Uganda and Its Peoples: Notes on the Protectorate of Uganda, Especially the Anthropology and Ethnology of Its Indigenous Races", "Islands in a Cosmopolitan Sea: A History of the Comoros by Iain Walker (Review)", "Book review. Local communities need the ability to protect their resources against illegal activities. To reduce illegal fishing, WWF supports local rangers who monitor artisanal fisheries. In 2011 with WWFs support, the government of Mozambique officially created the Lake Niassa Reserve. Increased numbers of fish in the sanctuary areas benefit local fishermen who catch more fish in the surrounding areas, and have fueled a profitable tourism industry. The earliest written accounts of the East African coast occur in the Periplus Maris Erythraeiapparently written by a Greek merchant living in Egypt in the second half of the 1st century ceand in Ptolemys Guide to Geography, the East African section of which, in its extant form, probably represents a compilation of geographic knowledge available at Byzantium about 400. When we think "Africa," we think of the "Big Five"lions, elephants, leopards, buffalo and rhinosthat crisscross the African Savannah. Once implemented, the law will save the lives of up to 5,000 marine turtles per year and allow Mozambican fishers to sell their shrimp to the U.S. market. Shadows in the water at the Aliwal Shoal, South Africa Christophe Lapeze (Photographer of the Year 2017 Entrant), ? Madagascar is by far the biggest, and a continent on its own when it comes to wildlife. I was swimming slowly after it, blacking out the background to highlight its vivid colours. ~ Peet J. van Eeden, ? Among these languages are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kisukuma, Luganda and many others. Rhaptas main imports were metal weapons and iron toolssuggesting that iron smelting was not yet known. East Africa is a subregion of the continent of Africa, according to the United Nations Geoscheme. It must be a long-term collective commitment to protecting what connects us - our ocean. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. In fact, a 2015 study published in Geophysical Research Letters showed that by closely watching these tropical disturbances off the coast of western Africa, researchers . The school of fish represents the ozone, and the reef below is Earth. Between the 19th and 20th century, East Africa became a theatre of competition between the major imperialistic European nations of the time. The Arabs reclaimed much of the Indian Ocean trade, forcing the Portuguese to retreat south where they remained in Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique) as sole rulers until the 1975 independence of Mozambique. The coastline of South Africa, stretching 1,740 miles (2,800 kilometers) From Mozambique to Namibia, is presided over by two great oceanic systems: a powerful current on one side of the continent . Here are the possible solutions for "Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean" clue. One area of work focuses on tuna, as we seek to help fisheries achieve certification by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). Joint operations have also improved the collaboration among different law enforcement institutions. Coverage of the regions physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. They dubbed the part of the coast to which they sailed Azania, or the Land of Zanjby which they meant the land of the blacks and by which they knew it until the 10th century. The East African coast and the Western Indian Ocean are regions of global historical signi cance. The eastern coast of Africa looks out over the Indian Ocean, which, though vast, is comparatively easily navigated. Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches. Author: George McCall Theal Source: Wikimedia Commons License: Public Domain KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/Getty Images. "The Early Iron Age on Mafia Island and its relationship with the mainland." When ships were powered by sails, the seasonally alternating Indian Ocean monsoon winds allowed for efficient sea voyages up and down the coast. . The waters of the Western Indian Ocean also support globally important shrimp and tuna industries. We work with famers to improve soil fertility, resulting in greater yield on less land. Blue sharks have the largest distribution range around the globe, and are unfortunately the shark species targeted the most by fishermen for their fins. ~ Geo Cloete, ? The South African coastline is 3200 km from Oranjemund on the west coast to the Mozambique border at Ponta do Oura on the east coast. (Translation by H. Frisk, 1927, with updates and improvements and detailed notes). Portugal's main goal on the Swahili coast was to take control of the spice trade from the Arabs. The regions vegetation ranges from woodlands and grasslands in the wetter regions to thornbushes in semiarid areas. A new period opened, it seems, in the 9th century. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing may account for as much as a third of total catches in some important fisheries in the region, and the capacity for local enforcement is severely lacking. External trade was increasing: glass beads were being imported from India, and porcelains, transshipped either in India or in the Persian Gulf, were arriving from China. Oxford: University Press. In the African Great Lakes region, Niger-Congo languages of the Bantu branch are most widely spoken. Lake Niassa is an important source of freshwater, home to over 1000 fish species and critical to the livelihoods of the people of Mozambique. Just as there are major conservation issues for the animals on the continent of Africa such as poaching, habitat destruction, and other threats, there are many issues and concerns for the East African marine ecosystems and animals. Within minutes, the blindingly bright white flats had been obscured by the downpour, and I lost the shark in the rain. Only in quite recent times has agriculture spread to the more humid regions south of the equator, through the spread of cattle, sheep and crops such as millet. For discussion of the physical and human geography of individual countries in the region and of their late colonial and postcolonial history, see Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda. The visibility was less than five metres, and it was a disappointing dive. HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF AFRICA GEOGRAPHIC: We're the Africa Geographic editorial team a diverse set of writers, editors, designers and social media natives, all united by our passion for this addictive continent. Rwanda and Uganda continue to be involved in related conflicts outside the region. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. Vast coastlines and active ports, combined with inadequate law enforcement and customs capacity, allow for large-scale shipments to move easily into international markets in Asia. For example, men from local villages are now employed as game scouts, patrolling for poachers over hundreds of miles, often on foot. 12. This particular shark was cruising with the outgoing current towards the lagoon entrance as a storm front darkened the sky on the horizon. (UK) +44 (23) 9387-7464 The East Africa coast supports rich wildlife populations of which 60-70% are found only in the Indo-Pacific and 15% are found nowhere else in the world. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." Tanzania has known stable government since independence although there are significant political and religious tensions resulting from the political union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964. Off the coast of East Africa is the Indian Ocean. Stretching from the Arctic Circle to Antarctica, the Atlantic Ocean is bordered by the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east. After traditional land routes to India had been closed by the Ottoman Turks, Portugal hoped to use the sea route pioneered by da Gama to break the once Venetian trading monopoly. Chapter 8: "The Cinnamon Route". With $1.9 million in funding from the Global Environment Facility, an African Nature-Based Tourism Collaborative Platform is being developed to connect funders to communities and small and medium enterprises involved in nature-based tourism in eastern and southern Africaand who are most affected by the loss of revenue due to Covid-19. This little piece of heaven is very popular for honeymoons and romantic breaks. The Portuguese presence in the area officially began after 1505, when flagships under the command of Don Francisco de Almeida conquered Kilwa, an island located in what is now southern Tanzania. During the following fifteen centuries, the Bantu slowly intensified farming and grazing over all suitable regions of East Africa, in the process making contact with Austronesian- and Arabic-speaking settlers on southern coastal areas. West of the Rwenzoris and Ethiopian highlands, the rainfall pattern is more typically tropical, with rain throughout the year near the equator and a single wet season in most of the Ethiopian Highlands from June to September contracting to July and August around Asmara. WWF and partners have helped fishermen create a sustainable oyster harvesting system, resulting in increased profits and yield. The Protectorate of Uganda and the Colony of Kenya were located in a rich farmland area mostly appropriate for the cultivation of cash crops like coffee and tea, as well as for animal husbandry with products produced from cattle and goats, such as goat meat, beef and milk. Map Directions Satellite Photo Map Wikivoyage Wikipedia Photo: Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. A healthy reef with an abundance of life in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), The life-sustaining benefits of rainforest to our planet is more commonly known than those provided by a healthy ocean, but in fact, the ocean contributes even more and I wanted to capture a photo conveying this message. Turn-of-the-century maritime photographs, dhows off the east African coast Monsoon Dhows Sailors have harnessed the Indian Ocean's monsoon winds for at least two millennia. 2010-10-06 07:36:31. Discounts at Africas best lodges and on our hand-made packages subscribers only, STORIES & DISCUSSIONS Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS Because of offshore islands, better landing places, and wetter climate, Arab traders from about 700 seem to have preferred the East African coast to the south of modern Somalia. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to explore the region of current-day Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique by sea. The climate of East Africa is rather atypical of equatorial regions. The Agulhas Current(/ls/) is the western boundary currentof the southwest Indian Ocean. In 1895, from bases in Somalia and Eritrea, the Italians launched the First ItaloEthiopian War against the Orthodox Empire of Ethiopia. There appears also to have been a rather extensive trade with the island of Madagascar. I saw this compass jellyfish at the safety stop at five metres after completion of the dive. South of Sarapion, Nikon, the Pyralaae Islands, and the island of Diorux (about whose precise location only speculation seems possible), the chief town was Rhapta, which may lie buried in the Rufiji delta of present-day Tanzania. Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. 1. Moreover, this area had the potential for a significant residential expansion, being suitable for the relocation of a large number of British nationals to the region. This benefits local people who rely on the forest for their livelihoods and frees up resources for the governments to improve local education and health infrastructure. The East Coast of South Africa is vast. The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. The volcanic massif of Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, reaches 19,340 feet (5,895 metres) in northeastern Tanzania. WWF continues to support law enforcement and promote awareness of illegal wildlife trade. [29], According to both genetic and fossil evidence, it has been posited that archaic Homo sapiens evolved into anatomically modern humans in the Horn of Africa around 200,000 years ago and dispersed from there. At Lake Malawi, they finally met the recently created British Protectorate of Nyasaland (nowadays Malawi), which surrounded the homonymous lake on three sides, leaving the Portuguese the control of lake's eastern coast. Zanzibar is now a semi-autonomous state in a union with the mainland which is collectively and commonly referred to as Tanzania. Some fishing practices are causing unacceptable amounts of bycatchthreatening shark, marine turtles and seabird populations. Klemetti, E. (2020), Are we seeing a new ocean starting . 10. It is narrow (approx. It was last seen in British general knowledge crossword. There is little information concerning the period until the 8th century. The grasslands of Tanzania and Kenya are renowned for their wildlife, in particular large migratory herds of ungulates (e.g., gnus, zebras, and gazelles) and predators (lions, hyenas, and leopards). Should we carry along the same path, its estimated that there will be no fish left in the ocean by 2050. These voyages of discovery by the Chinese to the African Red Sea coast, East Africa and its Indian Ocean islands, required sea-worthy vessels. Such trade goods as they obtained from the interior were apparently bought by barter at the coast. The geography of East Africa is often stunning and scenic. Africa is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Red Sea to the northeast, Indian Ocean to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The Eastern, or Great, Rift Valley extends from the Red Seas junction with the Gulf of Aden southward across the highlands of Ethiopia and Kenya and continues on into Tanzania. 11. The second largest population of savanna elephants in Africa roam across this region in search of food and freshwater. Princeton, Princeton University Press. East coast rock lobsters found in the Indo-West Pacific region, from East Africa along the coast of the Indian Ocean, as far as the Malay Archipelago, and then along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean to Japan in the north and Australia, New Caledonia and probably the Marquesas Islands in the south. We facilitate ranger training and provide equipment. WWF encourages the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in shrimp trawlers, which allow marine turtles to escape from nets. Several countries border the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. editors@africageographic.com WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. The east coast of Africa experiences seasonally alternating 'trade' winds which have enabled sailing dhows to travel up and down the coast, fostering the movement of people and goods between the countries of Arabia, the Western Indian Ocean and East Africa for many centuries. Portugal had first established a strong presence in southern Mozambique and the Indian Ocean since the 15th century, while during this period their possessions increasingly grew including parts from the present northern Mozambique country, up to Mombasa in present-day Kenya. A blacktip shark cruises the lagoon as a storm approaches in Aldabra atoll, Seychelles Adam Mitchell (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), TheAldabra atollhas one of the highest shark densities of anywhere in the western Indian Ocean. Lucas Jackson/Reuters Elsewhere in the US, the West Coast is getting hit by huge storms coming from the goofy jet stream . [45] The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The Western Rift Valley curves along the western borders of Uganda and Tanzania. [44] The old kingdom's first mention dates to the 25th century BCE. No settlements from this period have been found. The equator runs through Africa, from Gabon in the west to Somalia in the east, and nearly splits the continent into two equal parts. The British Empire set foot in the region's most exploitable and promising lands acquiring what is today Uganda, and Kenya. The Indian ocean lies to the east of Africa, Wiki User. XXXIV 1999, pp. Azania Vol. Please click on this logo for more information. Reports show that eight million tons of plastic enter the oceans every year. 1250 24th Street, N.W. At altitudes of above 2,500 metres (8,202ft), frosts are common during the dry season and maxima typically about 21C (70F) or less. Eastern Africa region The Nairobi Convention A: Overview The Western Indian Ocean region is characterised by high biodiversity, both in terms of species and ecosystems, with a young and growing human population, especially in coastal urban centres. Most of the peoples of Eritrea and Ethiopiaand some of those in Tanzania and Kenyaspeak languages belonging to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Here the situation differed somewhat from that in the north, and, though tortoiseshell and rhinoceros horn were exported from thereas were quantities of ivory and coconut oilno mention is made of slaves. Indo-European languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, remain important in higher institutions in some parts of the larger region. Prevailing climatic conditions and the regions' geomorphology allowed the establishment of flourishing European style settlements like Nairobi, Vila Pery, Vila Junqueiro, Porto Amlia, Loureno Marques and Entebbe.[68]. Chami, Felix A. Omani Arab colonization of the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts brought the once independent city-states under closer foreign scrutiny and domination than was experienced during the Portuguese period. Swahili, with at least 80million speakers[citation needed] as a first or second language, is an important trade language in the Great Lakes area. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Corrections? However, the town was taken and destroyed, and its large treasures went to strengthen the resources of Almeida. A much more vigorous resistance was offered by the Moors of Mombasa. From the base, several columns stretched up high into the water column. The region also provides habitat for threatened shorebirds and seabirds, including the sooty tern, the masked booby, the greater crested tern, and the brown noddy. The Italian occupation of Ethiopia ended in 1941 during World War II as part of the East African Campaign.The French also staked out an East African outpost on the route to French Indochina. Of Mozambique officially created the Lake Niassa Reserve, resulting in increased profits and yield,! 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