c 1948. Rough houses were built for the pit workers houses with two rooms and a loft, more like piggeries than human habitation according to Dodd. Nitro-cellulose was first used as a propellant in the .303 cartridge during 1894 although it was not officially approved for service until 1916. The new St. Charles School opened. 1909 Pavilion Roller Skating Rink (The Rink) built in Clarence Street. 1931 Road Tolls ceased at Page Bank Bridge. 1966 Bus Station and Parkwood Precinct opened. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: DC Defence Industries, Brownsburgh, Quebec, CANADA. 1818 The work of the Lewisham establishment was transferred to Enfield. 1935 Tudhoe Colliery closes. Ammunition was made at Woolwich long before the adoption of the .303 cartridge in 1889. Originally colour markings arose from the need to make a quick visual check of the arrangements in a machine gun belt and they are now almost universally applied. UT = Utah Ordnance Plant - Salt Lake City, Utah. 1986 Tudhoe Community Centre built. This factory is known to have produced .303 cartridges in: PS or S Pirotechnico Militar de Seville, SPAIN. 2000 Millennium Mining Memorial unveiled in Victoria Jubilee Park. The monogram MF1 was used for a short time in 1940 when the Gordon Street Factory commenced production. In addition to these plants the original cap production was maintained at Witton. MW Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 6, Welchpool, AUSTRALIA. Population declines to 15,440.First Council houses erected on racecourse site. Proof, Cordite Mk 1, Mk 2, Mk 3, Q Mk 3, Q Mk 4 and Q Mk 5, Tracer SPG(VII.G) Mk 1 and SPG(VII.G) Mk1Z, Tracer G Mk 1, G Mk 1 Special, G Mk 2, G Mk 3 and G Mk 4, Experimental steel anti fouling bulleted rounds, Experimental Armour Piercing Tracer (1917-18), Experimental Explosive, RTS and RTT Cartridges, Experimental Grenade Launching Cartridges. Penny Rate Product 23,000. The one good road was maintained by tolls collected at turnpike gates. British military contracts 1914 1917, Ball, Mk 7Z (Canadian Pattern). 1940 German H.E. text of this web site is available under the Creative This factory made and marked cases but filling was carried out at the Royal Ordnance Factory Swynnerton, Staffs. They used the MF monogram May 1926 to 1945 and the AF monogram from January 1924 to February 1925. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 Ball Mk 7 cartridges during the period 1914 1918. Although schemes were inaugurated to relieve the gloom nothing could make up for the lack of steady employment. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose filled .303 cartridges in: 174 gr Full jacket boat tail bulleted ammunition, 150 and 174 gr jacketed soft point sporting ammunition. They factories employed 300,000 people and were responsible for producing two-thirds of guns made in the UK and a similar proportion of the ammunition[7]. Types of Royal Ordnance Factories (ROFs) 1. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: TM..B Pirotechnia di Bologna, ITALY. MKEMakina ve Kimya Endustrisi, Kuruma, TURKEY. This round, as originally adopted, consisted of a 215 grain, round nosed, cupro nickel jacketed bullet in front of 71.5 grains of RFG2 Blackpowder. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: NORMA or norma Norma Projectilfabrik, Amotfors, SWEDEN. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: AE Arsenal do Ejercito, Lisbon, PORTUGAL. The plaque was unveiled on the former Royal Ordnance Factory building, now an activity centre, by 100-year-old angel Muriel Scott. We were shown how the airmen assembled our bullets and taken to try the Frainer Bomber (named the Lincoln Frainer). .303 cartridges known to have been produced with the Blackpole headstamped cases from 1941 to 1945 are: Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Ballistite H Mk 1Z. Known to have produced .303 cartridges 1914 1918 in: MAXIM Maxim Arms Co.,London, UNITED KINGDOM. Known to have produced 7.7 x 56R ball cartridges which are interchangeable with the .303 cartridge. Email: info@spennymoor-tc.gov.uk. ROF Brackla; ROF 41 at Brackla and ROF 53 at Waterton, ROF Dunham on the Hill; Explosives storage depot. Powder was stored at Greenwich from an early date. Known to have produced .303 ball cartridges. Tudhoe and Spennymoor Local History Society founded. On the one hand it brought housing efforts almost to a standstill, but on the industry front it saw the resurgence of Spennymoor as a major centre. The Spennymoor ammunition was filled at the Royal Ordnance Factory, Aycliffe, Durham. DWM Deutsche Waffen Und Munitionsfabrik, Karlsruhe, GERMANY. Known to have produced Ilmavoimat Konekivaarin Patruuna Kal 7.70 machine gun cartridges, which are interchangeable with the .303 cartridge in: W or WRA Winchester Repeating Arms Co., New Haven, Conn., UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Cordite consisted of 58% Nitro-glycerine, 37% Nitro-cellulose and 5% Mineral Jelly and was normally pressed into cord form but tubular, tape, flaked and sliced cordite were also used. County Durham, 1853 Tudhoe Ironworks established. The town was founded over 160 years ago. Coloured bands on the cartridge case are not common but the following have been used: One inch blue band Reduced charge ball to simulate stoppages in Vickers aircraft guns. Its head office is at Glascoed. Woolwich Arsenal, of which the Royal Laboratory was only a part, is situated in South East London on the River Thames. These squalid conditions were paralleled by the ever-uncertain economic conditions in industry. 1944 Christmas Eve a stray German VI Flying Bomb exploded in Tudhoe Cricket Club field at 6 am D-Day, 6th June. It stands above the Wear Valley approximately seven miles south of Durham. The name Binchester is the usual Saxon corruption or adaptation of the Roman site name. The end of World War II, however, saw this industrial activity greatly curtailed and hard times returned, although without the severity of the earlier pre-war years. The Woolwich site apart from containing all the supportive facilities for the research, design, development, inspection and testing of ammunition also included an extensive range complex on the Plumpstead Marshes. 1976 750,000 Spennymoor Recreation Centre opened. Royal Ordnance Factory Leeds, first opened as a munitions factory in December 1915 and opened as an ROF in January 1936, was one of a number of Royal Ordnance Factories created at the start of the Second World War . This company was formed in 1897 and was a wholly owned subsidiary of Nobels explosive company who also owned a further ammunition plant, fully acquired in 1907, at Waltham Abbey, Essex. This round had a nitro-cellulose powder charge with a 175 grain boat tailed, streamline, jacketed bullet having a muzzle velocity of 2550 feet per second. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded 7.7 x 56R ball ammunition which is interchangeable with the .303 cartridges. We sometimes danced and had concerts given by our work mates. My husband worked in the mines with Bevin Boys. The small number of factories involved in nuclear weapons production, ROF Burghfield and ROF Cardiff, did not pass over to Royal Ordnance upon privatisation but were transferred to the control of AWRE. The following .303 cartridges are known to have been produced by Kynoch: Armour Piercing Mks VII.S, VII.P, VII.W, W Mk 1 and W Mk 1Z, Ball, Nitro-cellulose Mk 8z with Aluminium Case, Drill, D Mk 6, D Mk 8, D Mk 9 and D Mk 10. WRA = Winchester Repeating Arms - New Haven, Connecticut. It was really pitiful, these lads had had a terrible time. The only portion of the common that was left was a small plot reserved for the use of a spring of water. In 1938 the .303 Mark VIIIZ round was approved to obtain greater effective range from the Vickers Medium Machine Gun. Made dummy drill rounds with a one piece tinplate case and bullet and having a crimped on base in 1915. 1934 to 1939 Many new Royal Ordnance Factories were built to enhance the capacity of the Royal Arsenal, Royal Gunpowder Factory and the Royal Small Arms Factory which, being close to London, were susceptible to being bombed[6]. The main factor was the opening in 1941 of a Royal Ordnance Factory at Merrington Lane and since then this estate has provided a constant source of alternative employment to the coal industry. asked the Minister of War Transport (1) whether he will provide omnibus facilities to enable girls to travel from Ferryhill and Merrington to the Royal Ordnance factory at Spennymoor in time to commence work at 7.30 a.m., and an omnibus service back to Ferryhill at 5 p.m.; Butchers Race, one of the Five Lanes which meet at Tudhoe Crossroads, was so named after this foray. 1920 Durham County Water Board provides water supply. 1970 Moor Grange sheltered accommodation completed. 1904 Tudhoe Rugby Club defunct. 1968 Bessemer Park Housing commenced (1,009 houses). Kenmirs Furniture Factory and the old Arcadia Cinema were both destroyed by fire. Mon - Thurs 8:45 - 17:00, Fri 8:45 - 16:30 In the event that you consider anything on this page to be in breach of the site's House Rules, please click here. 1995 H.M. Queen Elizabeth II visited the Thorn Lighting factory at Spennymoor. The Badcock Armoury closed. I worked at the Royal Ordnance factory (ROF) at Spennymoor. K2 Imperial Chemical Industries Kynoch factory at Standish, near Wigan, Lancs, UNITED KINGDOM. In WWII Explosives factories were established at[9]: WWII: 20 Filling factories were planned but only 16 were built including[11] [12]: WWII: Other Filling factories were devoted to Small Arms Ammunition: Grace's Guide web site design is Copyright 2021 by Grace's Guide Ltd. 1942 There were 42 Royal Ordnance factories at this time, of which 24 were engineering, 8 made explosives, and 10 were engaged in filling ordnance (these numbers seem to have been confused by the MP reporting these statistics). It was originally built by the Normans and its splendid strategic position led to it being fortified in 1143 by the Scots intruder, William Cumyn. V.J.Day. A fourth royal factory, the Royal Aircraft Factory at Farnborough was also taken over by the Ministry in 1916. D, DF, N or S Indian Government Ammunition Factory, Dum Dum, Calcutta, INDIA. 22. V.E.Day. ROF Aycliffe; Filling Factory No. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Used the same annulus colour coding as United Kingdom for ammunition supplied under contract to the British Government during both the First and Second World Wars. In the next few years only between one and four houses were built in any year and in 1929 the housing situation was still reported as acute which, from the recorded facts, seems self-evident. In addition there was a filling area not far away in the vicinity of Abbey Wood. Royal Arsenal Factory No 1. CHINA is known to have produced some 7.7mm rimmed ammunition for use in captured Japanese machine guns from 1945 onwards. I worked at the Royal Ordnance factory at Spennymoor. 1891 Whitworth Hall restored after fire of 1877. ROF Featherstone; Filling Factory No. Spennymoor, The last .303 ball cartridges manufactured at Radway Green in 1973 were loaded with nitro-cellulose powder and not cordite, cordite having last been used for the .303 cartridge in the 1960s. Modern Spennymoor was built on mining and has its origins with the sinking of the Wittered pit in 1839. SMI Societa Metallurgica Italiana, Campo Tizzoro, ITALY. ROF Fazakerley was a Royal Ordnance Factory rifle manufacturing plant in Fazakerley, Liverpool, which manufactured small arms such as the Sten and Sterling [1] [2] [3] submachine guns and Lee-Enfield rifle during and after World War II . RNRA Rhodesia National Rifle Association. The following sections attempt to identify the manufacturers of the .303 cartridge and whilst it is acknowledged that this may not a complete listing I hope it will give some insight into this historically important cartridge. 1811 The Royal Small Arms Factory site at Enfield was purchased. The Manor of Merrington belonged successively to the priors, monks and dean and chapter of Durham Cathedral. Servicesheld in Town Hall. Dedication of Venerable Bede Mission Church. This was very interesting there of course was a special way of doing this that it opened properly when required. Today, Merrington church is one of the most prominent local landmarks. ROF Bishopton; Explosive ROF (3 factories). Following experimentation to increase the effectiveness of the ball cartridge the British Government adopted a 215 grain cupro-nickle jacketed hollow pointed bullet in 1897 as the Cartridge S.A. Ball .303 inch Cordite Mark III. This firm was first formed by George Kynoch at Witton in 1862 as a manufacturer of percussion caps. WWI Massive increase in production. These appalling conditions continued into the 20th century and even by 1920 less than 10% of the town houses had water closets. Jackson, in his Place Names of Durham, 1916, suggests a Scandinavian Spaan meaning shingle-hut and Anglo-Saxon combination involving mar Spennymoor being the moor called after the shingle-hut erected thereon. Band Stand refurbished to its former state. The town of Spennymoor, and the villages of Byers Green, Kirk Merrington and Tudhoe, are in the North East of England, situated on high land above the south side of the Wear Valley between the City of Durham and Bishop Auckland. Whitworth Hall severely damaged by fire. You appear to have JavaScript disabled in your browser settings. My thanks to John Kindred for clarification on the monograms used on Australian small arms ammunition. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: Cartridge Rifle Grenade, H Mk 7Z, M11 and M12, FNM Fabrica Nacional de Municoes e Armas Legeiras, Moscavide, PORTUGAL. 1988 Spennymoor Cricket Club Ground purchased. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: PPU or nny Prvi Partizan, Titovo Uzice, YUGOSLAVIA. This factory was built in 1916 and was administered on behalf of the Government by the Birmingham Metal and Munitions Co. .303 cartridge production started in early 1918 and continued until late 1918 when the factory ceased production altogether. We were chosen because we had produced the most cases in a certain time and had been neither late or absent. ROF Patricroft; M/C Shop Engineering ROF. ROF Blackburn. DA Dominion Arsenal, Montreal, CANADA. Known to have manufactured .303 cartridges in: US United States Cartridge Co, Lowell, Mass., UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Engineering - This type of factory produced bomb and shell casings and other metal-based components for all types of munitions. Town Hall refurbished. 1940 1949. Cartridges known to have been manufactured in: MEN Maschinenfabrik Elisenhutte, Nassau, WEST GERMANY. This story has been placed in the following categories. Cases were supplied by MJ, Ball Mk 7 (loaded into cases with BVI head stamp). Also manufactured Mk VI Dummy cartridges, SBR Sellier & Bellot, Riga, LATVIA. Spennymoor, United Kingdom (1913-1945). Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 (identified on headstamp as 7.70) cartridges during 1918 in: Also known to have produced ball rounds in the 1920s and 30s, A VE Atelier de Construction de Valence, FRANCE. This page was last edited on 27 May 2022, at 11:53. 1869 Shaft sunk at Tudhoe Grange Colliery. This ammunition is known to have been commercially exported by the manufacturer post 1950 to Afghanistan and India. Known to have manufactured .303 cartridges in: MG / MF2 Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 2, Gordon Street, Footscray, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA. Believed to have manufactured .303 ammunition as early as 1898 until 1918. The coal mining at Whitworth and a small foundry at Merrington Lane were the earliest industries, but in 1853 the Weardale Iron and Coal Company opened its great ironworks at Tudhoe. Since the introduction of the .303 cartridge in 1889 it has been manufactured in at least 20 countries and in nearly 200 military variants as well as in numerous experimental and sporting cartridge configurations. The propellant interests being concentrated mainly at Ardeer within the Nobel Division of ICI. The company was formed in the early 1890s having acquired the Holford Works of the National Arms and Ammunition Company and was in existence for only a short time. 1985 Victoria Jubilee Park purchased by the Town Council. I was chosen along with 2 other girls to visit Goosepool Aerodrome (now Durham/Tees Valley International Airport), where the Canadian airmen were stationed. I was chosen along with 2 other girls to visit Goosepool Aerodrome (now Durham/Tees Valley International Airport), where the Canadian. World War II had diverse effects upon the town. Used the monogram 1942 to 1943. Known to have produced 7.7 x 56R cartridges which are interchangeable with the .303 cartridge in: RA Remington Arms Co.,Inc., Bridgeport, Conn., UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Although the United States of America did not officially adopt a .303 rifle, it did produce, under the Lend Lease scheme of World War 2, nearly a third of the wartime production of No 4 rifles used by British troops. The comparative isolation of its moorland situation ended too with the opening of a branch railway from the mainline at Ferryhill in 1876. Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 1994 Town wins National Allotment Society Waterlow Trophy. This factory made and marked cases but filling was carried out at the Royal Ordnance Factory Swynnerton, Staffs. The Mark VI round was introduced in 1904 with a 215 grain jacketed round nosed bullet similar to the Mark II bullet but with a thinner jacket. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded Imperial Japanese Navy Year Type 92 Machine Gun ammunition, which is interchangeable with the .303 cartridge in: F or AF or SAAF Small Arms Ammunition Factory, Footscray, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA. Royal Ordnance Factories were for explosives manufacture, filling of munitions and engineering. Initial Radway Green production used a single arrow as the headstamp code and this was replaced in 1942 by the RG code. This is a list of Royal Ordnance Factories. Although the factory was completed in 1816, it was not until the 1850s that it was in a position to produce large enough quantities of weapons to service the British military after mechanised machinery from the US was installed. 1941 Royal Ordnance Factory opens. Nobel Industries in turn was to become part of the new giant Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd when it was formed in 1926. This factory manufactured cartridges for use by the British Army in India as well as the Indian Army. Steve 11-03-2014, 06:29 PM #3 lithoman When, in 1894, Spennymoor and its adjacent villages achieved a measure of self government on the Spennymoor Urban District Council, the new authority found itself facing a legacy of poor housing. E or EB Eley Brothers, Edmonton, London, UNITED KINGDOM. This factory was part of the 1939 1945 war emergency expansion plan and was situated at Blackpole on the site of the earlier Government Cartridge Factory No 3 of 1916. Nothing could well exceed the nuisance attendant on the disposal of excrement and refuse in Spennymoor. 2003 Spennymoor Cemetery Memorial Garden officially opened. 1858 Page Bank Colliery disaster 10 miners killed. Later, effective tracer and incendiary composition operations were also carried out at Witton. The MG monogram was changed to MF in 1949 which was used until 1962. Neither Britons nor Romans cultivated the moor, but on the site of Binchester, a village five miles to the south-west, the Romans built a camp around which grew up the settlement of Vinovium. Aycliffe filled the cases which we produced and this was very dangerous work. Over the next 2 years about 40000 was invested in re-equipping the factory[3]. MJ Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 4, Hendon, AUSTRALIA. Manufactured .303 cartridges from 1915 1918 in: Incendiary Buckingham (VII.B), B Mk 1, B Mk 2Z, SAAF Small Arms Factory Footscray, AUSTRALIA. The following types of .303 cartridges are known to have been produced during the period 1897 to 1919: Armour Piercing Mks VII.P, VII.W and VII.W.Z, Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Ballistite H Mk 1. This is a list of Royal Ordnance Factories . 1887 Report by Lord Morley's committee into the Manufacturing Departments of the Army, which consisted of 4 establishments: Woolwich, Waltham Abbey, Enfield and Birmingham; the committee made a number of recommendations for reorganisation, having taken account of modern industrial practices[4]. UT = Utah Ordnance Plant - Salt Lake City, Utah. Grace's Guide is the leading source of historical information on industry and Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: W-W Winchester Western Division of Olin Industries, New Haven, Conn., UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. referenced. This is an insight into the Aycliffe Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF 59, (1941-1945) and the 'Aycliffe Angels'. Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Tracer, armour piercing and incendiary cartridges were adopted by the British Government during 1915, explosive bullets having been approved for service in 1916. Spennymoor became part of the South West Durham depressed area. Slightly before that, in the 1860s, a rather advanced area of working-class housing had been erected at Tudhoe Grange built by Marmaduke Salvin to house local workers. This distinction was abandoned in May 1920 and thereafter all ball rounds had the purple annulus. Download. ITALY used both bullet tip and annulus codes, Armour Piercing Incendiary (Phosphorus filled) Blue tip, Armour Piercing Incendiary (Thermite filled) Green tip, UNITED KINGDOM AND COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES BEFORE c 1955,ie Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, and South Africa used bullet tip and annulus code from about 1918 onwards, Armour Piercing Green tip, Green annulus, Tracer Short Range White tip, Red annulus, Tracer Dark Ignition Grey tip, Red annulus. We were also allowed inside a Halifax Bomber and according to a map we flew all over Darlington and Durham. Between 1988 and 1992 the Gordon Street factory used the monogram AFF. Similar jacketed hollow point bullets were used in the Mark IV and V rounds. The Royal Small Arms Factory site at Enfield was purchased in 1811 and operations commenced in 1816; the work of the Lewisham establishment was transferred there in 1818. . K5 Imperial Chemical Industries Kynoch factory at Kidderminster, Worcestershire., UNITED KINGDOM. 1855 The Ordnance Office was dissolved in 1855. Eley Brothers are known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Explosive Pomeroy Mk 1, PSA Mk 1, PSA (VII.A) MK 1, RL Tracer Mk 1, Tracer SPK Mk VII.T and SPG (VII.G) Mk 1Z. Find out how you can use this. After ROF I worked for C.I.E.M.E. DL16 6DG. Known to have produced 7.7 x 56R ball cartridges, which are interchangeable with the .303 cartridge post 1961. On 2 January the majority were vested in the UK Government-owned company Royal Ordnance Plc together with 3 Agency-operated Factories, the Waltham Abbey south site and the Royal Small Arms Factory. On UK Government contracts 1914 1915. 1877 New iron Railway Bridge replaced the old wooden Bridge over the High Street. Smart and Brown opens on Ordnance Factory site. 1871 Tower Brewery built at Tudhoe Grange. It became Kynoch Ltd in 1897. Royal Ordnance Factory. DAC Dominion Arsenal, Quebec, CANADA. Prior to the formation of Kynoch Ltd (see later entry) it was known to have produced .303 cartridges in: GEVELOT Gevelot & Gaupillat Freres, Paris, FRANCE. Although coal-mining continued and the ironworks and engineering businesses were also providing employment, the start of the 20th century saw the start, too, of a long period of depression. Production of the .303 cartridge commenced in 1940 and the last known production of this cartridge was in 1973 with Mk 7Z Ball and Dummy Drill cartridges. It was intended as a training aid only, for the observation of long range shooting where accuracy of fire was not always easily defined, even if tracer ammunition was used. The Rise of Industry The round nose bullet form of the Black Powder Mark 1 and 2 and of the Cordite Mark 1 and 2 were felt by many servicemen to have less man stopping effect than the old lead .45 inch Martini bullet, the predecessor in service of the .303 cartridge. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 Ball cartridges 1923. Royal Arsenal Factory No 1. I remember Tudhoe Colliery being bombed. Known to have produced .303 ball cartridges. The three historic state-controlled munitions factories at Woolwich, Enfield, and Waltham Abbey were taken over as National Factories were controlled by the Army Board at the outbreak of the war, under the Master General of the Ordnance. In 1930 the coke ovens which remained on the ironworks site were only working intermittently. RH Raleigh Cycle Co, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM. The first coal from Merrington Colliery was brought up in 1841; a pit with a chequered career which only prospered under the partnership of L.M Reay and R.S. After the war in 1918 Kynoch Ltd, in common with most other British small arms ammunition manufacturers, was merged into Explosives Trades Ltd, later to become Nobel Industries. WCC Western Cartridge Co., East Alton, Ill., UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Known to have produced .303 cartridges up to 1919 in: L There is some confusion over this headstamp code as both Lorenz Ammunition and Ordnance Co, Millwall, London, UNITED KINGDOM and Ludlow and Co, Wolverhampton, Staffs, UNITED KINGDOM are believed to have used a L as their code and both manufactured .303 cartridges between 1887 and 1890. TW = Twin Cities Ordnance Plant - Minneapolis, Minnesota. 1855 Foundation stone laid at St Pauls Church. The assets of the company were taken over in 1918 by Explosives Trades Ltd which soon after was renamed Nobel Industries, this new organisation having been founded to amalgamate most of the explosives and ammunition interests of the many separate companies operating in Britain at that time. By 1920 less than 10 % of the South WEST Durham depressed.! 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Stamp ) Nobel Industries in turn was to become part of the Wittered pit in.!
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