After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. by Nicole Shealy "Ferguson Impeachment Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. Kay Reed Arnold then follows the Ferguson story into the halls of academia at the University of Texaswhich Ferguson threatened to closesparking a fierce response by faculty, alumni, students, and, especially, the Womens Committee for Good Government. He served 15 months as governor. He was popular for his folksy charm across. . The [Texas House of Representatives] immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against [Governor James Ferguson] and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). Ballot measures, Who represents me? So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. After an unsuccessful campaign for president in 1920, Ferguson ran the gubernatorial campaign of his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson, in 1924. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. I dont care who you are.. State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. These included misappropriation of state funds, falsification of records, unwarranted interference with the control of the University of Texashe directed the board of regents to fire a leading educator and prominent Democrat, A. Carswell Ellisand refusal to divulge the source of a personal loan of $156,500, a huge sum at the time. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. November 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. In 1917, Gov. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. ii) During the period between World Wars I and II, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas. He gave a speech in his own defense and blamed the charges on that N-word loving senator from the north, Senator Johnson. Not Lyndon. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Dan Moody. Ferguson won the nomination by a majority of about 40,000 votes. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. Connally, John Bowden, Jr. The most that the select committee can do would be to recommend to the full state house that articles of impeachment be drafted. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate by a wide margin. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. 100% remote. Why was Governor James E. Ferguson impeached and convicted in 1917? Before the process could be completed, Ferguson resigned from office, contending that the legislative action against him was a kangaroo court. Landowners were assured, however, that they need not be alarmed by the proposal, as it would benefit all concerned. After returning to Bell County, he farmed and worked with a railroad-bridge gang until, after a brief study of law, he was admitted to the bar in 1897 and began the practice of law in Belton. James Edward Ferguson: James E. Ferguson Born Bell County, Texas August 31, 1871 Died Austin, Texas September 21, 1944 Governor of the State of Texas . The day before he was thrown out of office he resigned, saying it didn't count. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. When James Ferguson failed to get his name on the ballot in 1924, Miriam entered the race for the Texas governorship. Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. He ended up back in the Governors Mansion for a third time when she became the first woman governor in Texas history. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). Five concerned the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the university, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 ($2.9 million in todays dollars) from a source he refused to reveal. He maintained his. The movement to impeach and remove James Ferguson as governor ultimately ended with Ferguson _____. He said the governor served the people, but he used the power of the office to reward his friends and crush not just his political enemies, but good servants of the state whose only offense was not voting for him. American banker and politician (18711944), Brochure, "Meet the Fergusons: Two Governors for the Price of One", Bell County Museum, Belton, Texas, Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease (18671869), Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Texas Politics Project, Governors of Texas, 12. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Elections in 2023 | In the United States legal tradition, impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a criminal court. The report concluded that Hall had a legitimate reason for having the documents in question. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Fergusons political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, womens enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. Diners at Waco's R&S Barbecue leave full physically and spiritually, both by design, according to owners Richard and Sharon Davis. months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. When his reasoning was questioned, he would respond, I am governor of Texas. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. Counties | When the House is not in session, there are three ways that the House may be convened for purposes of impeachment. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. One final note of incredulity. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. Legislators have accused Hall of abusing his power and targeting University of Texas, Austin President Bill Powers, while Hall maintains he was acting as a responsible regent investigating situations of clout and accountability problems within the University of Texas system. The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. In a Central Texas county, high schoolers are jailed on felony charges for vaping what could be legal hemp, UT System pauses new diversity, equity and inclusion policies at its campuses. The charges of impeachment grew from a controvesy with the University of Texas administration, and resulted in Ferguson being charged with misapplication of public funds among nine other charges. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. They then sent the charges to the State Senate for trial. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance and banking. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. Please subscribe to keep reading. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. Ferguson did some good things. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. [10], After being re-elected in 1916, Ferguson vetoed the appropriations for the University of Texas. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. In her first term, Miriam Ma Ferguson, as she was known, had a law passed that gave amnesty to all Texas officials formerly impeached. He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. Low 54F. Tags He is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than two dozen books, most recently Anti-Black Violence in Twentieth-Century Texas. (b. There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. In general, the purpose of an impeachment proceeding is to remove from office a . He was re-elected in 1916. During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. Early in his second term the governor became involved in a serious quarrel with the University of Texas. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. Norman Kittrell, Governors Who Have Been and Other Public Men of Texas (Houston: Dealy-Adey-Elgin, 1921). Public policy. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. And she won. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. Dictionary of American History. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. As historian Cortez Ewing pointed out, Ferguson was the voice of the people, and with his sixth-grade education, he promoted the idea that he had not suffered the damages of higher degrees. In order for an official to be impeached, articles of impeachment must be brought by the Texas House of Representatives. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. Democrat James "Pa" Ferguson Jr. became governor of Texas in 1913, and his impeachment stemmed from his feud with the University of Texas. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. . Ferguson was also surpassed by three other unsuccessful candidates: Ferguson failed at his bid for the United States Senate in 1922, having lost in the Democratic runoff election to Earle Bradford Mayfield. This might sound like the controversy involving UT System Regent Wallace Hall, an appointee of Gov. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. School districts | In 1925, Miriam became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, and James E. Ferguson became the first gentleman of Texas for her two terms. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. The Senate removed Ferguson from office by a vote of 25-3. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment, "Ferguson Impeachment And this current flap is far from over. But in the midst of this personal war he had sparked with the flagship university in Austin, Ferguson appeared before a Travis County grand jury and was indicted on nine charges. Although Ferguson was disqualified from holding public office, he did try to run in the 1924 elections to redeem his reputation. No. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. Preliminary investigations failed to uncover any charge that would merit impeachment, and for a time the incident seemed closed. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. You have permission to edit this article. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. | Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. 1917: James 'Pa' Ferguson Jr., Texas. However, the judgment to impeachhanded down one day after his resignation-was upheld, preventing him from holding public office in Texas. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. U.S. Congress | Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. Donations by CCWH members and other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives. Southwestern Historical Quarterly 86 (October 1982). Senators will then act as jurors while the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. As a result of these developments, the speaker of the House called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. Although he had never held office, he was not a stranger to political problems; he had done much work in keeping local-option prohibition from Bell County, had been one of the Bell County managers in the campaign of Robert L. Henry for Congress in 1902, had helped carry Bell County for Cone Johnson in his contest with Joseph Weldon Bailey in 1908, had served as a campaign manager for Robert V. Davidson in 1910, and had aided Oscar B. Colquitt in his successful gubernatorial campaign (1912). Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. Five of the articles sustained by the Senate charged Ferguson with the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the University, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 in currency from a source that he refused to reveal. Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). the lieutenant governor He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. State legislature | He took the stand on his own behalf and was mostly a weak and contradictory witness, unable to explain discrepancies. Impeached. Gov. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. Ferguson would often call into question the value of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone to seed. He said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an armadillo. His constituency, he claimed, resided where the creeks forked and he felt they were getting short-changed by not getting enough basic education, while the kids at UT were getting too much of it., He said those kids go up to Austin for four years and return home with nothing but a mandolin and liver damage. As my brother Redneck Dave would say, That right there is funny. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson (Texas A&M University Press, 2017) Hardcover. Carrillospent three years in a federal penitentiary. One cabinet official have been impeached by the Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, please... Is a writer, historian and native Texan attempt Ferguson immediately condemned for a third as... Bruce Rutherford, the Senate voted him out of office he resigned, saying it didn & # ;. 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