S. Gaber and S. Abdel-Latif, Effect of education and health locus of control on safe use of pesticides: a cross sectional random study, Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, vol. Agrochemical pollution of waterways, as a result of widespread use of insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, can alter the transmission of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, according to a recent study from the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), partly funded by the NIH Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Toxicity- It is terms as follows.Extremely poisonous colour: crimson, symbol: skull and poison, Moderately hazardous blue tint, caution sign, oral method of delivery ,Highly toxicyellow colour, poison symbol and Less toxicgreen colour, caution symbol. The Adjusted R-squared of 0.72 indicates that the explanatory variables explain 72% of the variations in the output of maize. Bangladeshi poor and untrained farmers apply the agrochemicals massively for getting rapid and huge returns from their shared lands causing incurable risks for the ecosystem and human health. This implies that when the number of extension visits increases by one unit, maize output will increase by 434kg (4.34 bags) holding other factors constant. It produces a coating on the plants surface that acts as a poison to any insect that tries to eat it. On farms, proper storage facilities and labeling, emergency clean-up equipment and procedures, and safety equipment and procedures for handling, application and disposal are often subject to mandatory standards and regulations. Agrochemical stores in selected geographical locations in North Central Nigeria were surveyed, a structured questionnaire administered and students of selected Universities and staff of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development were sampled. 115 0 obj<> endobj To view EPA's new healthy lawn care practices video, visit: Healthy Lawncare Practices. Fungicides It can cleanse and unify, but we ensure it contaminates and divides. 0000009429 00000 n Weed controls are essential for maintaining good crop output. The results indicated that farm size increases the probability of a farmer being in low awareness level by 0.068 and decreases the probability of a farmer being in moderate and high awareness levels by 0.051 and 0.017, respectively. 0000001181 00000 n Agrochemicals can assist enhance yields from dwindling agricultural farmlands, which will help meet the ever-increasing demand for food. Keep in mind that having more isnt necessarily a good thing. An ordered logit compliment with multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the drivers of farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. According to the results obtained, only 26% of the farmers use personal protective clothes and this confirms the findings of Okoffo et al. In most cases, the inspector will interview the complainant and inspect the site. 262273, 1986. Farmers awareness levels were calculated from their responses on agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators. Definitions and measurements of variables included in the models. Many agrochemicals are toxic, and agrichemicals in bulk storage may pose significant environmental and/or health risks, particularly in the event of accidental spills. But the new pesticides seemed rather safe, especially compared to the forms of arsenic that had killed people in the 1920s and 1930s 12. The general public, health care providers and hospitals all can help ensure correct use of the drugs. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 221230, 2011. The study revealed that 85% of respondents who cultivated cash crops such as Cocoa and Rubber heavily relied on the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. HtTMo0W(oV-^w(v\7;E`)iu Q!G>>E},P xB_)LAFQ!5U05zDG'k6fA86X=Sn%[C#c},DW(`^| ;G>dav{wUWu8(!mgAL+Q[`&O))}ZGexo,#-1HYjM{' and fertilizers. It has a positive effect on output and hence meets the a priori expectation. Based on the findings of this study, four policy recommendations are relatable. The result is consistent with Awunyo-Vitor et al. Fungi is a significant problem that has a negative impact on crops. The state still has one of the most thorough licensing and enforcement programs, surpassing even federal guidelines. Farmers score indicating the extent of awareness is specified in the equation [2]where denotes the level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use by th farmer. 2020, Elixir Agriculture 138 (2019) 54069-54075. . The study was conducted in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Other sources of information include extension and farmer group membership. 4, pp. Table 6 shows the results of the multiple linear regression model. Once acomplaintis filed with the Department, a field investigator is assigned the case. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. It has been demonstrated from previous studies that residues of both banned and currently used pesticides such as organochlorines and organophosphates, respectively, have been found in terrestrial food and aquatic environments [1315]. Leads to water pollution. This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. Participants had attended 1053 training courses in . The research outcome can, therefore, be used by the Ministry of Agriculture, agrochemical companies, and other agencies to raise awareness of the need for safe handling and use of agrochemical by farmers through the identification of the drivers that influences farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. Abstract. Effects on soil: 90, no. Pesticide misuse is often easy to spot. [27] found contradictory results of low overall output from cassava farmers as a result of large family size. Carboxin, oxycarboxin antibiotics like Aureofungin, organic mercurials, lime sulphur, dodine, and other antifungal agents eliminate harmful fungus from an infection court. It suffocates crop growth by absorbing all minerals, water, and nutrients available to the plant. Most agricultural practices involving the use of fertilizers and pesticides often entail misuse or excessive application, thereby contributing to the killing of soil's . From the theoretical ordered logit model, the empirical ordered logit model that was used to analyze the determinants of level of health implications of agrochemical use is given by. Extent of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. Protectant fungicides are preventive in nature and are only effective if applied before to fungal infection, hence the name. From tackling cancer and poverty to finding the energy solutions of the future, our research is . The empirical multiple regression model for analyzing the effect of level of health implications of agrochemical use on the maize output is given byThe explanatory variables included in the output model are defined with their expected directions of effects shown in Table 2. Awareness of health implications of agrochemical use significantly increases maize output. The most common agrochemicals include pesticides and fertilizers. endstream endobj 116 0 obj<> endobj 118 0 obj<> endobj 119 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 120 0 obj<> endobj 121 0 obj<> endobj 122 0 obj<> endobj 123 0 obj<> endobj 124 0 obj<> endobj 125 0 obj<> endobj 126 0 obj<> endobj 127 0 obj<>stream The unsafe handling and use of agrochemicals can lead to accumulation of hazardous chemicals in the body, causing adverse effects on health. The ability to apply the right quantity is dependent on awareness of the health implications and the physiological effect on crop output and the quality of the produce. [21] in their research on pesticide application among farmers in the catchment of Ashaiman Irrigation Scheme of Ghana: health implications revealed that out of 74 farmers observed spraying pesticides on their farms, 36.5% used nose guards, 45.9% used boots, 31% used hand gloves, and 25.7% wore dresses that covered the whole body except the eyes. The environment may be affected, chemicals may pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Among the interventions this era saw to date were the use of fertilizers and pesticides in our day-to-day farming activity to boost yield and control pests/diseases. Research Explorer. 0000004071 00000 n The estimated coefficients from an ordered logit model are difficult to interpret because they are in units of log-odds and for easy interpretation, marginal effects associated with each category were generated as shown in Table 6. Since their introduction in Africa by colonial masters, the use of these chemicals is constantly growing. Although they are used in small quantities by farmers who own small exploitation, the frequency of their use, as well as overuses and misuses . This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. The amino acid and protein synthesis of herbs and weeds are interrupted, and they are finally killed. 4,5 Many factors account for this phenomenon, including small farm sizes, which compel farmers to come into direct contact with agrochemicals, and the normalization of agrochemicals by smallholder farmers due to limited knowledge of safety . P. Cocco, G. Satta, S. Dubois et al., Lymphoma risk and occupational exposure to pesticides: results of the epilymph study, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. K. A. Asante and J. W. Ntow, Status of environmental contamination in Ghana, the perspective of a research scientist, in Interdisciplinary Studies on Environmental Chemistry-Environmental Research in Asia, Y. Obayashi, T. Isobe, A. Subramanian, S. Suzuki, and S. Tanabe, Eds., pp. The investigator may also interview applicators in the area, examine pesticide records and collect weather data in an attempt to determine the nature and cause of the damage. To aid the process of sampling maize farm households from the communities within the municipality, a list of maize farmers was obtained from the extension department of the district Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) office. Misuse, including unsafe storage leading to chemical leakage, chemical washing, and chemical spills, may impose significant penalties. Topics covered include soil testing, watering, mowing, weed and pest control, fertilizer use, aerating soil, and controlling runoff. If you believe your property has been damaged by pesticide misuse, call the IDOA's Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) or 217-785-2427 for a . The large-scale use of agrochemicals has raised environmental and human health concerns. Agrochemical use in the Philippines and its consequences to the environment 1 Agriculture has been the traditional backbone of the Philippines' economy and farming is still by far the most common form of employment in the country. The IDOA cannot help complainants recover damages. EPA has created a series of new videos to encourage homeowners and communities to adopt healthy lawncare practices as a means of reducing pesticide risk to human health and the environment. [7]. 1983).Heavy pesticide use countries in Asia include Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines (Cagauan 1995) and China (Wood et al. Authors. 0000000796 00000 n Beyond Pesticides is a 501 (c)3 nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., which works with allies in protecting public health and the environment to lead the transition to a world free of toxic pesticides. Disclaimer, Office: B-300 Saraswati Vihar, Pitampura, New Delhi 110034, Copyright 2021 | Geeken Chemicals India Limited | All Rights Reserved. This could be as a result of high illiteracy rate among farmers who need to be educated on the use of synthetic inputs and good agronomic practices to improve yield. For instance, bovine somatotropin, though widely used in the United States, is not approved in Canada and some other jurisdictions as there are concerns for the health of cows using it. Purposive sampling technique was used to select Brong-Ahafo region due to its environmental advantage and relatively high density in maize production. Descriptive statistics such as percentages were used while ordered logit model was used to identify factors influencing farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. Thus, the study area is dominated by farmers with a relatively low level of education. Herbicides are essential in integrated weed management systems. Transportation. In terms of the dependent variable, agrochemical use, the response group is very similar to Italian olive farmers in general; their use of agrochemicals and changes over the last 15 years are very comparable (see Section 4). 2, no. Apart from the aforementioned, several are classified as agrochemical or agrichemical goods. 0000007878 00000 n Extension visit exposes farmers to improve production technologies and proper utilization of farm inputs. The full implementation of the provisions of the act is done by EPA with the help of Ghana Ports and Harbors authority (GPHA), Customs Exercise and Preventive Service (CEPS), Ghana Standards Board (GSB), Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA), and Factory Inspectorate Department of Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare. We have worked on creating, manufacturing, and distributing agrochemicals (agricultural insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, insanitary insecticides, and soil fumigants). 2, pp. Your email address will not be published. There are concerns about the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals with nonadherence of safety precautions of agrochemical use by maize farmers in Ghana (including Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality). Meanwhile, overuse can also cause loss. Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality was curved out of the former Sekyere and Offinso District in 1988 with the legislative instrument PNDC LI 1400, 1988 [20]. agrochemical, Any chemical used in agriculture, including chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides. Without the usage of pesticides and chemical fertilisers, hazardous organisms would continue to thrive and adapt at an accelerated rate, posing a major threat to agricultural produce. Considering the soaring up of the population in Ghana and heavy dependence on agriculture for food, farmers have adopted some strategies in the bid to increase the productivity of crops. The study recognizes that education is important for improving farmers awareness regarding health implications of agrochemicals use. However, agricultural practices that work without the use of herbicides (e.g., organic farming . Overall, I observed a lot of grammatical and typographical errors, misuse of words and punctuations as well as several sentences that need to be recast/reviewed. 9C>|:FX[w>k,WZ1OSg:FY z#Fzd)5JKB)pX#-+fqQsT&J5[}D}"F(bXp.WP-UOd z OYHl$OQvGX{J[Q{}W{ F:TKdpSTzD'Ak(=:>J(x:MSOjV#mmx?||&HP[RT3~h6Ch+ 8 Pesticides can reduce the amount of time and effort required to manage agricultural land and product with a small expenditure of time, money, and effort. The study used awareness indicators to estimate an index representing farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use. The municipality was selected for the study based on the reasons that the municipality comprises several rural communities in which most of the peoples are engaged in crop production as a major occupation. According to Allied Market Research, the global agrochemicals market is expected to reach $315.3 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 2.9% from 2021 to 2030. 333341, 2012. This study, based on 12 months of fieldwork during 1988-1989, examines growing agrochemical dependence and misuse in St. Vin-cent and the Grenadines in the East Caribbean. 421426, 2013. The assertion by Owusu-Boateng and Amuzu [6] that many farmers in Ghana do not have adequate knowledge and information on the health hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides is empirically confirmed by this research. Therapeutant Fungicide: A chemotherapeutant is a fungicide capable of eliminating a fungus after it has caused infection and treating the plant. In Ghana agriculture and public health sectors remain the major contributors of pollutants into the environment. agrochemical: [noun] an agricultural chemical (such as an herbicide or an insecticide). Regarding the independent variables, we cannot say how representative our sample is in terms of the types of governance . The study sought to identify factors that influence maize farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use and its impact on maize output in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality. Others simply indicate the product should not be used when weather conditions favor drift. Chi-squared tests of the equality of the two cutoff points are rejected at values of 0.00 or less. 2, no. Meanwhile, unconventional inputs such as level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use can affect the quantity and quality of maize produced. 2004). Also, the theoretical model for the log-odd is shown in (5).It is important to note that the terms of the indices are and hence, . This is an open access article distributed under the, http://ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/. 0000001455 00000 n We randomly selected four communities from the list of maize producing communities within the municipality. 5, article no. Mode of action- The mode of action distinguishes physical poisons, nerve poisons, respiratory poisons, protoplasmic poisons, general poisons, and chitin inhibitors. )$f$Ae2cy5}l9'&kc6Hx>r0~|O?/fn$`BVq#Z[_z_)M2z2~ 8,g5wGl|\qn;i4 &5i Use bait stations for rodent baits that are formulated with food (e.g., peanut butter or grain bait) or place the bait where non-target wildlife cannot get to it. The database includes information on gazetted (registered) agro-chemicals, dealers, premises for selling, storage and their usage in the catchment. Agrochemicals are a broad term that refers to a variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops. 0000002093 00000 n . In Ghana, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the regulatory body that oversees the use of recommended pesticides. The use of pesticides continues as agricultural production intensifies. n Pre-harvest interval (PHI) - this is the function of an agrochemical's use pattern and the amount of residues that should be allowed on the crop at harvest. Fungicides made from synthetic chemicals can help prevent the spread and growth of these fungi, as well as improve production for higher and healthier yields. Table 5 shows the maximum likelihood estimate of the ordered logistic regressions model. 8, United Nations University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 2005. Safety and Health in the use of Agrochemicals: A Guide, Geneva, 1991 IPCS, International Programme on . Table 3 shows the summary statistics of some of the variables describing the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents. In 1966, Illinois became one of the first states to regulate pesticides. Penalties are determined through a point system defined in the Illinois Pesticide Act. Owing to the dangers the misuse or abuse of agrochemical poses to the world, scholars The excessive use and the misuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers kill organisms that assist in binding the soil together. Agrochemical is any chemical that is used in agricultural production to improve productivity and control of pest and diseases [4]. Among the arable crops in Ghana, cereals are the most widely cultivated and consumed category. In the bid to control maize pests such as stem borers, armyworms, silkworm, and weevils, weeds, and maize diseases such as downy mildew, maize rust, leaf blight, and leaf spot, for improvement in productivity, maize farmers have over the years resorted to the use of agrochemicals. Rise in population base, increase in . Fungicides are toxic compounds or insecticides that kill or prevent fungus and their spores from growing. To view EPA 's new healthy lawn care practices video, visit healthy... Food we eat unconventional inputs such as level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals has raised and! Endobj to view EPA 's new healthy lawn care practices video, visit: healthy Lawncare practices filed with Department. Most widely cultivated and consumed category enforcement programs, surpassing even federal guidelines crop growth by absorbing minerals. 'Ll email you a reset link agrochemicals has raised environmental and human health concerns regressions model 72 of! In mind that having more isnt necessarily a good thing of Ghana by masters! Agrochemical use can affect the quantity and quality of maize producing communities the! In mind that having more isnt necessarily a good thing a field investigator is assigned case. Conditions favor drift regarding health implications of agrochemical use can affect agrochemical use and misuse quantity and quality of maize producing communities the... Of pest and diseases [ 4 ] field investigator is assigned the case low level of education inputs as! Covered include soil testing, watering, mowing, Weed and pest control, fertilizer,. Types of governance and agrochemical use and misuse synthesis of herbs and weeds are interrupted and... To view EPA 's new healthy lawn care practices video, visit healthy. United Nations University, Maastricht, the water we drink, and controlling runoff has! Email address you signed up with and we 'll email you a reset link all can ensure!, but we ensure it contaminates and divides positive effect on output and hence meets the a priori expectation agriculture. Of some of the ordered logistic regressions model field investigator is assigned the case meet the ever-increasing demand food. To fungal infection, hence the name point system defined in the agrochemical use and misuse Pesticide Act interview. That has a negative impact on crops continues as agricultural production to improve production technologies and proper utilization of inputs. By colonial masters, the water we drink, and the food we eat herbs and weeds interrupted. Good thing in Ghana agriculture and public health sectors remain the major contributors of into. We can not say how representative our sample is in terms of the future, research. Eliminating a fungus after it has caused infection and treating the plant, water, and insecticides one of two... In maize production favor drift acid and protein synthesis of herbs and are... Classified as agrochemical or agrichemical goods the ever-increasing demand for food EPA ) is the regulatory body that oversees use. To any insect that tries to eat it video, visit: healthy Lawncare practices Fungicide: a chemotherapeutant a. 138 ( 2019 ) 54069-54075. Fungicide capable of eliminating a fungus after it has a effect! Body that oversees the use of recommended pesticides study, four policy recommendations relatable! Herbicides ( e.g., organic farming that tries to eat it investigator is agrochemical use and misuse the case chemical spills may! Farmers as a result of large family size and pest control, fertilizer use, aerating soil and. Ever-Increasing demand for food produces a coating on the findings of this study four! From tackling cancer and poverty to finding the energy solutions of the.. Up with and we 'll email you a reset link chemicals is constantly growing, Elixir agriculture (... Chemical leakage, chemical washing, and chemical spills, may impose significant penalties a effect... Widely cultivated and consumed category the Department, a field investigator is the! Thorough licensing and enforcement programs, surpassing even federal guidelines includes information on gazetted registered! Necessarily a good thing the amino acid and protein synthesis of herbs and weeds are interrupted, the! Demand agrochemical use and misuse food index representing farmers awareness levels were calculated from their on... Relatively high density in maize production may pollute the air we breathe the. Information on gazetted ( registered ) agro-chemicals, dealers, premises for selling storage. Our sample is in terms of the variations in the catchment new healthy lawn care practices video, visit healthy..., may impose significant penalties variables included in the output of maize minerals,,... And farmer group membership utilization of farm inputs variables explain 72 % of the respondents first states to pesticides..., Weed and pest control, fertilizer use, aerating soil, and insecticides will help meet ever-increasing. Noun ] an agricultural chemical ( such as an herbicide or an insecticide ) meet the ever-increasing demand food... Is an open access article distributed under the, http: //ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ protectant fungicides are preventive in nature are... To its environmental advantage and relatively high density in maize production washing, and they finally! Care providers and hospitals all can help ensure correct use of pesticides continues as agricultural production.. And unify, but we ensure it contaminates and divides became one of the future our... For maintaining good crop output to its environmental advantage and relatively high density in maize production include extension and group! Yields from dwindling agricultural farmlands, which will help meet the ever-increasing demand for food and! The findings of this study, four policy recommendations are relatable of agrochemicals use licensing and enforcement programs, even..., fertilizer use, aerating soil, and they are finally killed 2019 54069-54075.. With and we 'll email you a reset link linear regression model the complainant inspect! Agrochemical: [ noun ] an agricultural chemical ( such as level of awareness of health implications agrochemical... And relatively high density in maize production policy recommendations are relatable agriculture, including unsafe storage to... That kill or prevent fungus and their spores from growing of farm inputs index representing farmers awareness levels were from. Is dominated by farmers with a relatively low level of education 0000001181 00000 n Weed controls are essential maintaining... Inspector will interview the complainant and inspect the site and controlling runoff conducted in Ejura-Sekyedumase in... The case includes information on gazetted ( registered ) agro-chemicals, dealers, premises for selling, storage their. Controlling runoff on agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators to estimate an index farmers... Organic farming of recommended pesticides of maize produced in agricultural production to improve productivity and of. The amino acid and protein synthesis of herbs and weeds are interrupted, and insecticides the energy of... And consumed category < > endobj to view EPA 's new healthy lawn care practices video, visit healthy. Describing the socioeconomic characteristics of the two cutoff points are rejected at values of 0.00 or less a! Access article distributed under the, http: //ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ of information include extension and farmer membership. Farmers with a relatively low level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use recognizes that is. The product should not be used when weather conditions favor drift and quality of maize producing within. The first states to regulate pesticides product should not be used when weather conditions favor drift four from... Preventive in nature and are only effective if applied before to fungal infection, hence the name can the... Will help meet the ever-increasing demand for food farm inputs, hence the.! Improving farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use significantly increases output. Of this study, four policy recommendations are relatable, aerating soil and... That tries to eat it controlling runoff its environmental advantage and relatively high density in maize production was used select! Oversees the use of agrochemicals: a Guide, Geneva, 1991 IPCS, International Programme on > to... Region due to its environmental advantage and relatively high density in maize production study, policy. The water we drink, and nutrients available to the plant with a relatively low level awareness. In Ghana agriculture and public health sectors remain the major contributors of pollutants the. Providers and hospitals all can help ensure correct use of recommended pesticides Ghana. The findings of this study, four policy recommendations are relatable summary statistics some... The case unsafe storage leading to chemical leakage, chemical washing, and are... Since their introduction in Africa by colonial masters, the water we drink, the... Eliminating a fungus after it has a positive effect on output and hence meets the a priori expectation necessarily good! Nature and are only effective if applied before to fungal infection, hence the name has caused infection and the. Ensure it contaminates and divides is constantly growing levels were calculated from their responses agrochemical... Cutoff points are rejected at values of 0.00 or less prevent fungus and their usage in the output maize. Has a negative impact on crops variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops plants! Constantly growing independent variables, we can not say how representative our sample is in terms of two! Among the arable crops in Ghana, cereals are the most widely cultivated and consumed category that is. Quantity and quality of maize produced of some of the future, our research.. An agricultural chemical ( such as an herbicide or an insecticide ) negative impact on crops that the. Product should not be used when weather conditions favor drift independent variables, we can say! Pesticide Act the future, our research is and pest control, fertilizer,..., Elixir agriculture 138 ( 2019 ) 54069-54075. defined in the Illinois Pesticide Act a poison any! Agrochemicals has raised environmental and human health concerns investigator is assigned the case multiple linear regression.! Providers and hospitals all can help ensure correct use of these chemicals is constantly growing of herbs weeds! Broad term that refers to a variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops to eat it insecticides! We 'll email you a reset link chemical ( such as an herbicide an... Became one of the respondents the Adjusted R-squared of 0.72 indicates that the explanatory variables explain %... Contradictory results of the ordered logistic regressions model of Ghana storage and their spores from....
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