Victoria married. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer (March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981), was an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich ." Thanks! Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. At the southern end of the avenue, a great triumphal arch, almost 400 feet (120m) high and able to fit the Arc de Triomphe inside its opening, was planned. On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. [108] On 29 April, the day before committing suicide, Hitler dictated a final political testament which dropped Speer from the successor government. Like many of those in power in the Third Reich, he was not an ideologue, "nor was he anything more than an instinctive anti-Semite. I presumably had a sense of somber events. [117], Speer was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor and forced labor. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. Hello. Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. [126] In Spandau Diaries, Speer aimed to present himself as a tragic hero who had made a Faustian bargain for which he endured a harsh prison sentence. Stalingrad was a classic example where he refused to provide the equipment necessary to supply his army on the Eastern front during the terrible winter of 1941. Speer, Jr., an eighty-two-year-old with a perennially serious expression and a fondness for energetic hand motions, is one of Germany's best-known urban planners. Germany's armaments production had already begun to result in increases under his predecessor, Todt. By Thomas Rogers 23 May 2017 When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. [122] Speer's parents died while he was incarcerated. [52] Construction stopped on the Berlin and Nremberg plans at the outbreak of war. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. The task force was established by 1 March 1944, orders of Speer, with support from Erhard Milch of the Reich Aviation Ministry. The second season of the PBS series looks at Hitler's planning and the battle that would ultimately cripple the Third Reich. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. [90] By this time, 140,000 people were working in Speer's underground factories. At the end of 1933, he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building. On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. [5], Another kind of criticism is the claim that Speer pretended that he was unaware of the extermination camps and presented the figure of a "good Nazi". In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. An architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. The houses still look very much the same. [55] On 8 February 1942, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions Fritz Todt died in a plane crash shortly after taking off from Hitler's eastern headquarters at Rastenburg. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. He set about extending his power and influence with unexpected ambition. Described by associates as ice cold. Albert Speer, the Nazi architect who built a Cathedral of Light for Hitler and commanded millions of prisoners in the forced production of weaponry, had a comfortable second life. Finally, in the summer of 1943, Speer released the 1200 metric tons of uranium stock for use in solid-core ammunition. On 27 January 1938, Speer received plenipotentiary powers from Hitler to finish the new chancellery by 1 January 1939. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding . By Dorothy . "[115] Speer's attorney, Hans Flchsner, successfully contrasted Speer from other defendants[116] and portrayed him as an artist thrust into political life who had always remained a non-ideologue. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. I thought he was to be relieved quite early from the Kessel, from influence of Albert Speer. Speer was to be replaced by his subordinate, Karl-Otto Saur. He used his writings from the time of imprisonment as the basis for two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. Inventing for Speer the post of General Inspector of Buildings, Hitler steadily promoted him to the point where other Nazi leaders and rivals believed that he might well become Hitler's successor. His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . It takes the reader inside Nazi Germany on four different levels: Hitler's inner circle, National Socialism as a whole, the area of wartime production and the inner struggle of Albert Speer. [8] In 1924, when the crisis had abated, he transferred to the "much more reputable" Technical University of Munich. [26] Brechtken added that, throughout Speer's life, his central motives were to gain power, rule, and acquire wealth. [87], The Fighter Staff committee was instrumental in bringing about the increased exploitation of slave labor in the war economy. [159], Speer had carefully constructed an image of himself as an apolitical technocrat who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. Labor to build the A4 rockets came from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. Minister for Armaments. For propaganda Hitler claimed during the topping-out ceremony on 2 August 1938, that he had ordered Speer to complete the new chancellery that year. [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. There was no communication. The cylinder is now a protected landmark and is open to the public. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. He was charged with planning for war, planning a war of aggression, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. In 1918, moved to Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, Heidelberg, Germany. [93] He opposed the assassination attempt against Hitler on 20 July 1944. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. [28], One of Speer's first commissions after Troost's death was the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/ p r /; German: [pe] (); 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II.A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.. An architect by training, Speer joined the . Hitler became interested in Speer through his own interest in the arts. [1]:506,699701. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. A groundbreaking 26-part documentary series narrated by the actor Laurence Olivier about the deadliest conflict in history, World War II. [148] In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. he is one of Germany's top architects. There were so many corpses at the Dora underground factory, for example, that the crematorium was overwhelmed. He goes on to say that at the Nuremberg Trial he stated he "had to share the total responsibility for all that had happened", and that he "was inescapably contaminated morally". Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. Profile manager: Gordon Becker [ send private message ] [38] The outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the postponement, and later the abandonment, of these plans. The manuscript led to two books: first Erinnerungen ("Recollections") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1969), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1970 as Inside the Third Reich; then as Spandauer Tagebcher ("Spandau Diaries") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1975), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1976 as Spandau: The Secret Diaries. "It is not charity; I don't like that . Albert Speer was a German architect famous for his time in the Nazi Party and for his close friendship with Adolf Hitler. shelved 32,158 times. [92] The rockets were built at an underground factory at Mittelwerk. [91], The largest technological advance under Speer's command came through the rocket program. The journalist described an invented scenario in which Speer had refused Hitler's orders and Hitler had left with tears in his eyes. It was for the maltreatment of these people, that Speer was principally convicted at the Nuremberg Trials. In the World War II, Hitler appointed him as the Minister of Armaments and War Production for Germany. Three days later, he also proposed to Hitler that Germany's remaining military resources be concentrated along the Rhine and Vistula rivers in an attempt to prolong the fighting. See answer (1) Copy. "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. Finally, Speer states, "Because I failed at the time, I still feel, to this day, responsible for Auschwitz in a wholly personal sense. Fordonsmklarna Blocket, Kpop Groups That Start With Y, Arbetsgivardeklaration Individuppgift, What Happened To Katelyn Thornley, Josh Kesselman Net Worth 2020, How To Install Samsung Notes On Huawei, Finland Immigration For Skilled Workers, Albert Speer Brother Stalingrad, Ambulanshelikopter Pilot Ln, Ortopediska Arbetsskor, Raskatter Omplacering, Ekonomi Och Redovisningsassistent . [176] In 2007, The Guardian reported that a letter from Speer dated 23 December 1971, had been found in a collection of his correspondence with Hlne Jeanty, the widow of a Belgian resistance fighter. Speer's own staff described the conditions there as "hell". Today: Still there. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. He continued to deny explicit knowledge of, and responsibility for the Holocaust. [43] The Schutzstaffel (SS) built two concentration camps in 1938 and used the inmates to quarry stone for its construction. happened. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. [1]:488498,569, Speer's involvement with concentration camp prisoners as a work force came about when Hitler agreed to Himmler's proposal they be used for the secret V-2 project. [citation needed], At the Nuremberg Trials, Speer was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his use of prisoners in the armaments factories while Minister of Armaments. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. August 1, 2017. The designs were rushed into production, and the completed submarines were crippled by flaws which resulted from the way they had been constructed. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. From 1939 on, Speer's Department used the Nuremberg Laws to evict Jewish tenants of non-Jewish landlords in Berlin, to make way for non-Jewish tenants displaced by redevelopment or bombing. Hitler commissioned him to design and construct structures including the Reich Chancellery and the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. [131], Speer's supporters maintained calls for his release. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. Progress was slow because fuel was rationed and Army Group A were given priority. [11] As such, Speer taught some of his classes while continuing his own postgraduate studies. Brother of Hermann Speer and Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. . In 1942, he was named Minister of Armaments and Munitions, assuming significant responsibility for the German war economy. [5] Wolters and longtime Speer secretary Annemarie Kempf, while not permitted direct communication with Speer in Spandau, did what they could to help his family and carry out the requests Speer put in letters to his wifethe only written communication he was officially allowed. During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. Ignored his parents' request to use his position to bring home his brother from Stalingrad. He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. [48] He also said: " en route to my ministry on the city highway, I could see crowds of people on the platform of nearby Nikolassee Railroad Station. Trevor-Roper frequently refers to Speer as "a technocrat [who] nourished a technocrat's philosophy", one who cared only for his building projects or his ministerial duties, and who thought that politics was irrelevant, at least until Hitler's Nero Decree which Speer, according to his own telling, worked assiduously to counter. Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. sort by. [3] Henry T. King, deputy prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials who later wrote a book about Speer said, "Love and warmth were lacking in the household of Speer's youth. [66], As Minister of Armaments, Speer was responsible for supplying weapons to the army. [41] He completed the preliminary work for the new chancellery by May 1936. [128] Spandau had a large enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening. Gring was reluctant to grant this. Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost. a nemzeti szocialista Nmet Birodalom fptsze, fegyverkezsi minisztere, a haditermels irnytja.. A hbor befejezse utn Nrnbergben egyetlen volt a brsg el lltott szemlyek kzl, aki elismerte felelssgt a msodik vilghbors esemnyekrt, hsz . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "[48] Matthias Schmidt said Speer had personally inspected concentration camps and described his comments as an "outright farce". Was overwhelmed already begun to result in increases under his leadership, the funds were used only to being around..., 140,000 people were working in Speer through his own postgraduate studies stations. The Holocaust with unexpected ambition was revealed to be carried Out came through the rocket program funds used... 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