However, the seismic moment of Kokoxili is about 1021 N m (with 400 km active fault and slip of about 6 m) when the main segment of Bolnay is at minimum 3.3 1021 N m (with 375 km active fault and slip of about 10 m). Lemiszki & Brown (1988), Blundel (1990), Klemperer & Peddy (1992), Jones et al. 2002). They are orientated N 80 5 and they displace a river in a left lateral way (Table 4a). You could not be signed in. This Mongolia-related article is a stub. The first part of the paper concerns the instrumental corrections. We obtained an oblique displacement of 3.2 1.1 m after Khil'ko et al. We can divide the Teregtiin fault into a north and south segment. After the map ONE CENTURY OF SEISMICITY IN MONGOLIA (19002000), Adiya et al. 2001; Petit et al. Therefore, we will test various nucleation depths between 17 and 55 km. It was one of the very few for which detailed data was available. left cracks distinctly expressed in the relief of the . at 18:44 April 04, 1950 UTC, Location: They obtained a compressive tensor with 1 horizontal, oriented N41 to N49. (23.2 miles), 2003-10-01 01:03:25 UTC We have no specific information about the nucleation depth. Our field observations suggest that in many areas the width and geometry of the rupture zone is the result of repeated earthquakes; however, in those areas where it is possible to determine that the geomorphic features are the result of the 1905 surface rupture alone, the size of the features produced by this single earthquake are singular in comparison to most other historical strikeslip surface ruptures worldwide. Therefore, we use all available information (observed surface ruptures, main regional tectonic features, crust and lithosphere structure, etc.) Gough D.I. At its intersection with the Bolnay fault it becomes reverse right lateral on a fault dipping to the NE. 2003). This allows us to verify the quality of the different corrections and rotations previously done on the data, as shown in Fig. In both cases, a subvertical fault is needed to explain the observed horizontal slip on the south segment. As the first results were very unstable, we decided to filter the high frequencies at 10 s by a two poles Butterworth low pass filter. [6], Lasting damage of the earthquake can be seen in the Mongolia special of the Amazon Prime motoring show The Grand Tour.[7]. With the data from 1905 available to them in 1957, and encouraged by the new interest in eastern Siberia by political leaders, geologists began to study the GobiAltai region in greater detail than had ever been previously attempted. We have good evidence to propose a mainly eastward propagation of the rupture for both 1905 events. (b) Effect of the nucleation and rupture depths on the modelled body waveforms at Uppsala (Bolnay earthquake). The trace is then transformed to a dense set of points, with coordinates (xi, yi). The fault displacement during the earthquake was greater than 6 m,[5] and possibly as much as 11 m,[2] and the duration is estimated at about two minutes. A rupture depth of the 1905 events restrained to a seismogenic layer of 20 km (Baljinnyam et al. Bayanhongor These events where studied by using Love G1 waves recorded at Gttingen (Okal 1977). Geometrical deformations induced by the shift b of the writing arm (after Cadek 1987). (28.2 miles), Location: This catastrophic event in 1905 was an exception. However, rockslides were reported in the nearby mountains, and supposedly "two lakes, each of eight acres in size, disappeared". Lassere C.. Scholz C.H. Barmin M.P. at 09:40 July 09, 1905 UTC, Location: A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. 145.2 km from Irkutskaya Oblast', Russia. Levshin A.L. Antoine Schlupp, Armando Cisternas, Source history of the 1905 great Mongolian earthquakes (Tsetserleg, Bolnay), Geophysical Journal International, Volume 169, Issue 3, June 2007, Pages 11151131, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03323.x. Dverchre J. De Simoni B. All selected instruments were Wiechert seismographs with a mass of 1000 kg (Wiechert 1903, 1904). It moves at a velocity that can be adapted between 10 and 30 mm min1. We use predictive filters to recover the signals lost at the minute marks. THE Kangra earthquake of 4 April 1905 in the north-west been ruptured by these great earthquakes. A land area in parts of Mongolia, China, and Russia, covering as much as two million square miles, was affected by these events and people experienced the shaking from east to west over a distance of 1,500 miles. For our study, we consider it as negligible. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. The dip angle and the nucleation depth were most of the time free. This implies a difference of less than 5 s between the length of P- and S-wave signals, too short to be observed with certainty. The case, in which both durations were equal, was rare. Epicenter at 43.099, 104.521 Two great Mongolian earthquakes, Tsetserleg and Bolnay, occurred on 1905 July 9 and 23. The earthquake has been estimated at 7.9[3][4] to 8.3[1] on the moment magnitude scale. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access. This choice allows modelling the whole source and the highest frequencies observed in the signal. The first, (1), and third procedures, (3), are the most reliable for estimating the b shift. Actually, we can compare Jena, Gttingen, Strasbourg and Uppsala since their epicentre-station azimuth varies less than 9 (Fig. 9.2 km from The t* values considered are 1 s for P waves and 4 s for S waves. 1). McNeice G.W. San'kov V.. Jones A.G. The second criterion, (2), was used by Crouse & Matuschka (1983), who extrapolated the SEMOC methodology (Strong Earthquake Motion Centre, Japan) applied to SMAC accelerograms. The Bolnai earthquake is believed to be a strike-slip rupture of a branch of the Bolnai Fault, extending about 300[3] to 375[4] km along the fault, and possibly an additional 80km of the Teregtiin Fault. The fault displacement during the earthquake was greater than 5 m,[3] and the duration is estimated at about one minute. The rupture propagation velocity is supposed to be 2.5 km s1 for the two events. Epicenter at 50.038, 87.813 The magnitude Mw is between 8.34 0.04 and 8.51 0.02. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our, Fault Activation in Central Mongolia during the Holocene: Results of Study of the Mogod Earthquake Ruptures, Segmentation and termination of the surface rupture zone produced by the 1932 Ms 7.6 Changma earthquake: New insights into the slip partitioning of the eastern Altyn Tagh fault system, Kinematics of shallow backthrusts in the Seattle fault zone, Washington State, Seismic crustal deformation in the Southern Apennines (Italy), Assessment of seismically induced damage using LIDAR: The ancient city of Pnara (SW Turkey) as a case study, Late Quaternary slip rates on the Sierra Madre fault zone and paleoseismic evidence on the size and frequency of past ruptures, Using in situproduced 10 Be to quantify active tectonics in the Gurvan Bogd mountain range (Gobi-Altay, Mongolia), Fault systems of the eastern Indonesian triple junction: Evaluation of Quaternary activity and implications for seismic hazards, Copyright 2023 Seismological Society of America. Nevertheless, the shift b of the axis of the arm with respect to the base line must be deduced directly from records. In 1905, two M ~ 8 continental strike-slip earthquakes occurred along the Bulnay fault system, in the northwestern part of Mongolia. lgiy 10b). [2] However, this interpretation is contested; field surveys after the earthquake show a complex rupture not necessarily characteristic of a strike-slip mechanism.[5]. In consequence, it is possible for very large earthquakes to break under the seismogenic zone. Michelot, M. Todbileg, ASTER Team; Earthquake Geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia). At that time very little was known or documented about geological changes in that part of the world. Epicenter at 51.639, 101.134 at 18:52 September 27, 2003 UTC, Location: Dalandzadgad Epicenter at 51.842, 95.911 Additionally, Devastatingdisasters.com participates in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission through purchases made through our links. A year later the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the name of the country at that time, appointed a group of geologists to investigate the GobiAltai area, to map it in detail and to carry out seismological investigations over a large area. Epicenter at 50.039, 90.847 For the July 23 event, as the surface ruptures along the Bolnay fault are quite pure strike-slip and very linear, we allowed a freedom of only 5 on the direction and 6 on the slip angle permitting a maximal vertical movement of 1 m. The amplitude of the source time function, the scalar seismic moment, the delay of each segment from the nucleation and the depth of the rupture were never fixed. 2005). Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. The strongest earthquake in Mongolia since 1900 occurred 118 years ago: Major magnitude 8.3 earthquake - 182 km north of Oulia-Sontai, Dzavhan Aymag, Mongolia, on Sunday, July 23, 1905 at 02:46 GMT. The average horizontal displacements are of 10 2 m over 200 km, 8 2 m over 100 km and 5 2 m over 75 km (Baljinnyam et al. It is a reverse fault with a right lateral component, oriented N135 and dipping between 50 and 70 to the NE. In this case, a time shift between the components is unacceptable. The 11 January 2021 Mw 6.7 Hovsgol, Mongolia, earthquake is the largest event that has occurred in the Hovsgol graben, which is noted for being the northernmost convergence region of the. Engdahl E.R. Particular thanks are due to the staff of Jena, Gttingen, Uppsala and Strasbourg stations. This article about an earthquake in Asia is a stub. We tested three cases: (1) nucleation and rupture depth limited to the seismogenic zone; (2) nucleation in the seismogenic zone and rupture propagation going to the base of the crust and (3) nucleation within the crust-upper mantle interface and rupture propagation within the upper mantle. We cannot reject the possibility that the rupture propagates down through the whole crust (50 5 km), or even through a part of the lithosphere, which is about 100 km thick in this region (Villaseor et al. (2003). Bourls D.L. (109.2 miles), 1932-12-25 02:04:30 UTC The northern 80 km correspond to a reverse left lateral fault oriented N 60 10, with a dip of 65 10 to the NW, and a slip angle of 40 20. [4], The Bolnai earthquake was preceded by the Tsetserleg earthquake two weeks earlier and is considered a part of the same general crustal movement. For 1 horizontal and oriented NS, the best shape factor R is 0 (2 = 3), meaning uniaxial compression (Armijo & Cisternas 1978). Enkhtuvshin B.. Rivera L. Then the seismogenic zone could be also thick, probably around 2030 km. Larroque C. We have 2.6 105 in the case of the Bolnay and Gobi-Altay earthquakes (Mongolia, 4 December 1957, Ritz et al. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2015) 105 (1): 7293. Then, the two predicted values are averaged with weights given by the corresponding standard deviations. Influence of the Teregtiin segments on the modelled S-waveforms for the Bolnay earthquake. His notes and maps lay in the archives of the Russian Geographic Society until they were discovered in 1957. The 1905 Tsetserleg earthquake occurred in or near the Tsetserleg Sum of Khvsgl Province in Mongolia on 9 July 1905. [2], There are few records of the immediate effects of the earthquake due to the remoteness of Mongolia in 1905. Epicenter at 46.817, 89.915 Radziminovitch N.V.M. (43.2 miles), 1960-12-03 04:24:18 UTC (15.2 miles), 1931-08-18 14:21:05 UTC 5 US States Most Likely to Get Hit by Natural Disasters, 4 US Airports With The Worst Passenger Experience, 12 Insane Weapons You Can Legally Own in Most States. Van der Woerd J. They are several published empirical relation between length of surface rupture and displacement (Wells & Coppersmith 1994; Scholz 2002). Epicenter at 36.888, 105.606 Table 1 shows the station characteristics. The ratio between these two events shows that the lowest solution explaining the body waveform of Bolnay is related to at least a depth of the rupture two times greater than Kokoxili. Indeed, this criterion produces artificial symmetry and is even more doubtful for surface waves, because it perturbs the dispersion. The southern 50 km are complex (Voznesenskii & Dorogostaiskii 1914), with subvertical left lateral strike-slip faults oriented N80 (Khil'ko et al. The pivot with the cardan, the back pulling spring and the articulations are built with leaf springs in order to decrease friction. Epicenter at 50.211, 87.721 It appears then necessary to introduce another rupture mechanism at the beginning of the earthquake. 139.2 km from a: Nucleation in the seismogenic zone: Mo total = (3.97 0.47).1021 N m = >;Mw = 8.34 0.04. If the result of the inversion gives, for one parameter, values inconsistent with field information, we fixed them to stabilize the solution. San'kov V. Latest earthquakes in Mongolia: list & interactive map Updated: Feb 4, 2023 14:56 GMT - 1 day 6 hours ago refresh Felt a quake? Wesnousky S.G.. Villaseor A. Then, we moved the nucleation to the southwestern end of the main fault with bilateral propagation (Fig. Januar bis 31. The 375-km-long surface rupture of the left-lateral, strike-slip, N095E trending Bulnay Fault associated with this earthquake is remarkable for its strong . The nucleation of the Bolnay earthquake was at the intersection between the main fault (375 km left lateral strike-slip) and the Teregtiin fault (N160, 80 km long right lateral strike-slip with a vertical component near the main fault). 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